Related classification of respiratory medical devices and their use

Oxygen is an important substance to maintain the normal progress of human life, and the most basic way for the human body to obtain oxygen is breathing. Breathing is the process of continuously inhaling oxygen from the air into the body and expelling carbon dioxide from the body. Breathing is divided into external respiration and internal respiration. External respiration is the process of oxygen in the gas entering the human body and combining with the blood. Internal respiration is the process of gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in capillaries. Gas to enter the human body for gas exchange, must be achieved through the human body's respiratory system, and the respiratory tract is an important channel for gas in and out of the human body in the respiratory system. The entire respiratory tract consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and terminal bronchioles. It is divided into two parts: upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract. The upper part of the larynx is called upper respiratory tract, and the lower part of the larynx is called lower respiratory tract. Gas can only be conducted in the respiratory tract without gas exchange.
If the human body's own respiratory system disease or other factors cause the respiratory system to fail to work normally, the gas exchange in the human body cannot be carried out normally, which will eventually cause cell hypoxia, and the consequence is that the normal organs of the human body will suffer from chronic failure due to hypoxia. It will eventually cause the death of the human body. The best way to solve respiratory dysfunction is to use a ventilator for treatment.
Ventilator, also known as ventilator, is an important medical equipment for respiratory support treatment, severe rescue, prevention and treatment of respiratory failure through artificial positive pressure ventilation. It can reduce breathing work, increase alveolar ventilation, improve oxygenation, save and prolong the life of patients. The ultimate purpose of the ventilator is to provide the gas to the patient after controlling the pressure, volume and flow rate of the gas according to a certain rhythm (time). Ventilator is a common clinical treatment equipment, belongs to the third category of medical equipment. The purpose of ventilator therapy mainly includes maintaining appropriate ventilation to make alveolar ventilation meet the requirements of the body; improving gas exchange function and maintaining effective gas exchange; reducing respiratory muscle work; intrapulmonary atomization inhalation therapy; preventive mechanical ventilation (for preventive treatment of respiratory failure after thoracotomy or sepsis, shock, and severe trauma).
Classification of Ventilator
Classified by ventilator power source
Mechanical ventilator power comes from electricity, compressed gas or a combination of the two, so the ventilator can be divided into electric ventilator, pneumatic ventilator and electric-pneumatic ventilator.
Electric Ventilator A ventilator that relies only on electricity to drive and control ventilation is called an electric ventilator. Electrical energy drives the piston to reciprocate to generate mechanical ventilation, or an electric pump generates compressed gas, which then pushes the bellows to move to generate ventilation. This type of ventilator operates with a single energy source, is easy to use, and is generally suitable for clinical anesthesia.
Pneumatic ventilator A ventilator powered by compressed gas is called a pneumatic ventilator. The pressure generated by the high-pressure compressed gas passes through the pressure reducing valve and high-resistance valve inside the ventilator, thereby providing appropriate ventilation drive pressure to control the operation of the ventilator. Such ventilators operate with a single energy source and are suitable for carrying, and emergency ventilators are often designed with such a design.
Electro-pneumatic ventilators provide power simultaneously with both compressed gas and electricity. Compressed air and compressed oxygen are mixed in different proportions to provide inhaled gas with appropriate oxygen concentration and also supply the power of ventilation. However, the power of ventilation control, regulation and various monitoring and alarm systems comes from electricity, so this type of ventilator It is also called a pneumatic electronically controlled ventilator.
Classification by ventilator use
The adult ventilator is mainly applicable to patients weighing more than 30kg, and the lower limit of body weight for patients varies with various ventilators.
Infant and Neonatal Ventilators Infant ventilators are suitable for infants from premature to about 4 years old, or children weighing less than 15kg.
The ventilator anesthesia machine for anesthesia can convert liquid anesthetic drugs into steam and oxygen to form anesthetic gas, and the mixed gas is supplied to the patient through the ventilator to inhale to achieve general anesthesia, and can assist the breathing of critically ill patients during anesthesia, so that patients can receive surgery.
Ventilators for assisted breathing and respiratory therapy Ventilators use mechanical power to establish the pressure and deficit between the alveoli and the airway orifice to inflate and exhaust the alveoli. The patients without breathing were forced ventilation, and the patients with ventilation disorder were assisted breathing.
Portable emergency ventilator is mainly used in emergency or disaster. It is characterized by light weight, small size and easy to carry, but its function is single, which can not meet the dyspnea caused by respiratory diseases.
High frequency jet ventilator High frequency ventilation is a special way of positive pressure ventilation. The frequency is higher than the normal respiratory frequency, often greater than 60 times/minute, tidal volume is less than or close to anatomical dead space volume, due to low ventilation pressure, so the probability of barotrauma is small, rarely affecting circulatory physiology. Can be divided into high frequency positive pressure ventilation, high frequency oscillation ventilation, high frequency jet ventilation.